Spatial Covariance

Spatial covariance is an important consideration when propagating the error in aggregated spaxel data in an individual datacube. These issues are discussed at length in Section 9.3 of Law et al. (2016, AJ, 152, 83) and Section 6 of Westfall et al. (2019, AJ, 158, 231). See the latter for the specific use of spatial correlation matrices in the survey-level execution of the DAP.

Spatial covariance matrices for specific wavelength channels have been calculated by the DRP and are provided in the primary datacube files. The DAP provides methods that can be used to calculate the spatial covariance for any wavelength channel or for all of them. The examples below show how the DAP can be used to read and work with correlation matrices produced by the DRP and how to produce new spatial covariance matrices.

Using the DRP-provided correlation matrices

The DRP provides a single correlation matrix at a fiducial wavelength channel for each of the SDSS griz bands. You can use the DAP to read these correlation matrices as follows:

# Imports
from mangadap.config import defaults
from mangadap.util.covariance import Covariance
from mangadap.datacube import MaNGADataCube

# Set the observation and correlation matrix extension
plate = 7815
ifu = 3702
correl = 'GCORREL'
path = defaults.drp_directory_path()

# Set the file and open it
drpfile = os.path.join(path, MaNGADataCube.build_file_name(plate, ifu))
with fits.open(drpfile) as hdu:
    # Read the correlation data; setting ivar_ext to None here is
    # important.
    covar = Covariance.from_fits(hdu, ivar_ext=None, covar_ext=correl, impose_triu=True,
                                 correlation=True)
    # Calculate the variance in the wavelength channel used to
    # construct the correlation matrix.
    var = numpy.ma.power(hdu['IVAR'].data[hdu[correl].header['BBINDEX']].T.ravel(),
                         -1).filled(0.0)

# Apply the variance to the correlation matrix and revert back to a
# covariance matrix
covar = covar.apply_new_variance(var)
covar.revert_correlation()

# Plot the covariance matrix
covar.show()

You can also read the DRP-produce correlation matrix when instantiating the MaNGA datacube. However, note that this assumes the correlation matrix is applicable to all wavelength channels:

# Imports
from mangadap.config import defaults
from mangadap.datacube import MaNGADataCube

# Read the MaNGA datacube
path = defaults.drp_directory_path()
cube = MaNGADataCube.from_plateifu(7815, 3702, directory_path=path, covar_ext='GCORREL')

# Show the correlation matrix
cube.covar.show()

You can also check the covariance matrix produced by the DRP against what would be produced by the DAP for the same wavelength channel:

# Imports
from mangadap.config import defaults
from mangadap.datacube import MaNGADataCube

# Read the MaNGA datacube
path = defaults.drp_directory_path()
cube = MaNGADataCube.from_plateifu(7815, 3702, directory_path=path, covar_ext='GCORREL')

# Load the RSS spectra. This will only work if the RSS file is
# either in the same directory as the datacube (i.e.
# cube.directory_path) or at the nominal path (these are the same
# in this example).
cube.load_rss()

# Check the data read by the MaNGADataCube instantiation vs a brute
# force read of the correlation matrix
hdu = fits.open(cube.file_path())
channel = hdu['GCORREL'].header['BBINDEX']
gcorrel = numpy.zeros(eval(hdu['GCORREL'].header['COVSHAPE']), dtype=float)
i = numpy.ravel_multi_index((hdu['GCORREL'].data['INDXI_C1'],hdu['GCORREL'].data['INDXI_C2']),
                            cube.spatial_shape)
j = numpy.ravel_multi_index((hdu['GCORREL'].data['INDXJ_C1'],hdu['GCORREL'].data['INDXJ_C2']),
                            cube.spatial_shape)
gcorrel[i,j] = hdu['GCORREL'].data['RHOIJ']
gcorrel[j,i] = hdu['GCORREL'].data['RHOIJ']

# This should pass if the two methods of reading the correlation
# matrix produce the same result.
assert numpy.allclose(cube.covar.toarray(), gcorrel), 'Bad covariance read'

# Check the from-scratch calculation of the rectified wavelength
# channel and the associated correlation matrix against the data
# provided by the DRP
flux, C = cube.rss.rectify_wavelength_plane(channel, return_covar=True)

# Should pass if the rectified flux is the same as produced by the
# DRP and DAP.
assert numpy.allclose(cube.flux[...,channel], flux), 'Bad flux rectification'

# Should pass if the rectified inverse variance is the same as
# produced by the DRP and DAP.
ivar = numpy.ma.power(C.variance().reshape(cube.spatial_shape), -1).filled(0.0)
assert numpy.allclose(cube.ivar[...,channel], ivar), 'Bad inverse variance rectification'

# Should pass if the correlation matrix is the same as produced by
# the DRP and DAP.
C.to_correlation()
assert numpy.allclose(C.toarray(), gcorrel), 'Bad covariance calculation'

Calculating additional covariance matrices

You can use the DAP to calculate the covariance matrix for any channel in the DRP-provided datacubes.

To calculate the formal covariance matrix, use covariance_matrix() or covariance_cube():

# Read the datacube (assumes the default paths)
from mangadap.datacube import MaNGADataCube
cube = MaNGADataCube.from_plateifu(7815, 3702)

# Load the source row-stacked spectra
cube.load_rss()

# Construct a covariance matrix for the (single) wavelength channel
# with index 1000
C = cube.covariance_matrix(1000)

# Try multiple channels
C = cube.covariance_cube(channels=[1000,2000])
assert numpy.array_equal(C.input_indx, [1000,2000]), 'Bad matrix indices'
assert C.shape == (1764, 1764, 2), 'Bad covariance shape'

Note that in the above, you can calculate the covariance matrices for all wavelength channels if you do not specify the channels in the call to covariance_cube().

In addition to the formal covariance matrices, we found that the correlation matrix is well approximated by adopting a Gaussian in pixel separation for the form of the correlation coefficients (\({\mathbf \rho}\); see approximate_covariance_matrix()). To calculate the approximate correlation matrix:

# Read the datacube (assumes the default paths)
from mangadap.datacube import MaNGADataCube
cube = MaNGADataCube.from_plateifu(7815, 3702)

# Try to generate an approximate correlation matrix
approxC = cube.approximate_correlation_matrix()

# To get the covariance matrix for a specific wavelength channel,
# renormalize the approximate correlation matrix by the variance in
# the desired channel.
var = numpy.ma.power(cube.ivar[:,:,1000].ravel(), -1).filled(0.0)
approxC = approxC.apply_new_variance(var)
approxC.revert_correlation()
approxC.show()